Thesis+Statements

=Thesis Statements=

1.) Compare and contrast the impact of Confucianism in China with Hinduism in India (200 B.C.E. to 200 C.E.)
Confucianism in China and Hinduism in India both influenced the political structures. Where Confucianism emphasized reverence and virtue in the bureaucracy, Hinduism supported a class divisions through the caste system.

2.) Compare and contrast the ways civilization developed in India and Mesopotamia.
Development of Indian and Mesopotamian civilizations are both results of warfare. Through warfare, however, Mesopotamia emerged with a centralized government, while India's political structure remained influenced by religion and regionalism.

3.) From describe the changes and continuities in the role of women in the transition from a hunter-gathering life style to civilization.
As women transtioned from the hunter-gatherer life-style to a more civilized way of life, they shifted roles, from hunting jobs, which were more on par with men, to a more domestic role in the household, becoming subordinated by men.

4.) Compare the development of political structures in Classical China with those in Clasical India.
Political structure in Classical India and China were similar in the sense that both had a bureaucratic government, but differed in that China's bureaucracy was more centralized and influenced by philosophy , whereas India was more regionalistic and its bureaucracy revolved around a legalist monarch, with influence from religion.

5.) Describe the different trading patterns China and India (200 B.C.E. to 200 C.E.) What factors can explain these differences?
For both China and India, trade had been a source for cultural and financial benefits. Trade differed in the two regions, because China interacted with other countries via the Silk Road, while India, being a trade port, was able to utilize the sea and land. China's location, being in the Middle Kingdom, was practically isolated from the rest of the world, with the exception of the Silk Road, while India was able to conduct trade through paths in the Himalayas, as well as sea ports.

6.) In what ways were the economic foundations of the Roman and the Han empires similar? What were the consequences of these differences?
The economies of Rome and Han China revolved around agriculture, and trade amongst neighboring regions. They two societies differed, however, in agricultural products, trade routes, and labor of cultivation, which related to effectiveness of trade, interactions, and social class.

7.) Compare the institutions of imperial government in Han China and those established in Rome after Augustus.
Both Han China and Rome were governed by an emperor. The government of Han China operated under a bureaucracy with an emperor, whereas Rome was based on a republic with an emperor. In each society, the role of the emperor varied.

8.) Compare the social and economic organization of Rome and Han China.
Social structure of Rome and China both embraced patriarchy in domestic life, and operated in agricultural economies, while their social classes differed. Han China and Rome placed different emphasis on the social rankings, where the Romans saw slaves as the lowest class, the Chinese viewed the mean people as the most inferior.

9.) Compare and contrast the factors that lead to, and the effects of, the collapse of ancient Rome and Han China.
The collapse of Han China and Rome coincided on the idea that they both had been succumb to invasion by Germanic invaders, internal conflicts regarding weak government, and epidemics. They differed in the fate of decline.

** Thesis: ** The economies of Rome and Han China revolved around agriculture, and trade amongst neighboring regions. They two societies differed, however, in agricultural products, trade routes, and labor of cultivation, which related to effectiveness of trade, interactions, and social class. ** 1.) **** T.S.:  ** While both Rome and Han China profited from agricultural economies, the two societies harvested different crops, which impacted economy.   ** D/C:  ** Where Rome flourished through olives and grapes, Han China cultivated grains and wheat, which tied in with their trade with other neighboring regions.   ** Evidence:   ** ** 2.)  ****T.S.: ** Rome and Han China both interacted with neighboring regions, but differed in trading patterns, thus altering the overall effectiveness of these interactions.  **D/C:** Location played an important role in the trading patterns of Rome and Han China. Rome was situated on the Mediterranean peninsula, which optimized trade with overseas and land regions. China, on the other hand, had a limited amount of trade, because of its seclusion in the Middle Kingdom. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> **Evidence:** <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -0.25in;">** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">3.) ****<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">T.S.: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> The Romans and Chinese both focused on agriculture, but their labor methods differed. These differences in agricultural methods affected the social classes of each.     **D/C:** Where Rome depended on slave labor for production of its crops, Chinese agriculture focused serf farmers.  <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">   <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Evidence: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Romans believed grain was the staple of life, but their soil could not sustain the crop, therefore, the found profits in olives/ grapes.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Olives were used to make olive oil (cooking), and grapes were used for wine. Both products became highly sought after in Mediterranean region. Olive oil was traded with Middle East, for manufactured products and oils.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Grain, esp. rice, and wheat were staple crops. Prices and profits from crops were regulated by the government in times of surplus and famine, whereas there was no regulation on crops in Rome.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Rome was located on the Mediterranean peninsula, which offered it multiple overseas trade routes, along with its already numerous land trade routes, from the paved routes of Rome.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Allowed much profit for Romans, because olive oil and wine had been such prestigious items.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Eventually led to downfall, because trade introduced plague and other malicious diseases into the society.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">China was secluded in the Middle Kingdom, and only access to the region, was through the Silk Road of the Himalayas.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">brought elements of Buddhism into Chinese philosophy from India
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Silk worms became sought after in Middle East, India, Europe, etc.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">In Rome, slavery had been a source of free labor, and used in agriculture.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">In Rome, landlords frequently forced farmers to become tenants of laborers or to join crowds of urban lower class. The staple Roman crops, olives and grapes, took a long time to produce, causing debt. In this situation, landlords would take advantage of independent farmers, for they could enter the market production on a large scale.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">China, serf farmers practiced subsistence farming, for the most part. They would grow a little more than necessary, and the government would collect excess, storing and regulating it for future surplus/ famine.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">In Rome, slave labor was highly utilized in agriculture, yet they faced the harshest conditions, and comprise the lowest class.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">In China, serf farmers were ranked as commoners, with the highest class being the Mandarins/ nobles, and the lowest, being the Mean People.